Bookkeeping & Audit
The legal basis, what an audit looks like, and what happens when books are rejected.
Read more →Most business owners judge bookkeeping by a single question: did the returns go out on time. The real test is a different one — how the books look on the day an audit arrives, and what they tell you about the business before the year is over.
Single-entry bookkeeping records mainly income and expenses. It suits small businesses and liberal professionals whom the bookkeeping regulations do not require to do more.
Double-entry bookkeeping maintains a full system of debits and credits — ledgers, balance sheet, balances. It is required of companies and of businesses above a certain scale, and even where it is not mandatory it gives a picture single-entry simply cannot: how much is genuinely owed to you, what the inventory is worth, and what the equity is.
The choice is not only a question of legal obligation but of management need. A business that intends to raise credit, bring in a partner or be sold will be required to present an orderly double-entry system — and had better not start building one retrospectively.
The books are not just a reporting duty — they are your defence
In an audit, properly kept books are the difference between a discussion of facts and a best-judgment assessment. Rejection of the books is not merely a penalty — it shifts the burden of proof onto you, and changes the entire balance of the discussion.
← Read our full guide: bookkeeping, audits — and how to prepare in advance
The same people who keep the books sit in the firm that represents you in the audit. That sounds like a technicality, and in practice it changes how entries are made: a ledger maintained with a view to what you will be asked about in two years looks different from one kept only to close the monthly return.
Three things follow from that:
Moving mid-year is routine and not complicated, but it contains one step that must not be skipped: checking the incoming balances. We do not take opening balances as given — we verify them against the bank, against the ledgers and against the last return. This is the stage at which most problems carried over from earlier years come to light, and better that they do so now.
The information on this page is general and does not constitute professional advice. Bookkeeping obligations are determined by the type of business, its sector and its turnover.
We start by reviewing the current position — and tell you honestly what is sound and what needs fixing
Contact us nowThe legal basis, what an audit looks like, and what happens when books are rejected.
Read more →The decision that also determines which bookkeeping method is required.
Read more →Full monthly payroll, in the same firm that represents you in a deductions audit.
Read more →